A review of adaptation options in fisheries management to support resilience and transition under socio-ecological change

Abstract Social-ecological systems dependent on fisheries must be resilient or adapt to remain viable in the face of change. Here, we identified possible interventions (termed “adaptation options”) from published literature, aimed at supporting social ecological resilience and/or aiding adaptation changes induced by environmental stressors. Our searches centered nations/regions across North America, Europe, and South Pacific, encompassing literature with without a climate change focus, compare how, when, whom are currently potentially implemented. We expected that options within context would have greater focus enhancing due connection assessment methodology. Instead, found resilience, likely indicating management adaptation. This pattern, along more extensive use responsively outside change, an importance bottom-up influences implementing them, suggests general lack centralized planning organization regards stakeholders. Determining how created, chosen, implemented is crucial step external ecosystem-based management, especially if planned stakeholder adaption goal.